Sushil, S.N., Mishra, Y.D., Bhattacharya, A., Jaiswal, A.K., & Sharma, K.K. 1997 Safety of endosulfan and dichlorvos to four parasitoids of lac insect predators.. Pest Management in Horticultural Ecosystems 3: 39-41.

Notes: The toxicity of endosulfan and dichlorvos to Pristomerus sulci, Brachymeria tachardiae, Elasmus claripennis and Bracon greeni was studied in the laboratory. These species are parasitoids of Pseudohypatopa pulverea and Eublemma amabilis which are predators of Kerria lacca. One-day-old adult parasitoids were introduced to treated glass vials at 25 plus or minus 2 deg C and 70-75% RH. Endosulfan (0.05%) was toxic to all the parasitoids tested, causing up to 100% mortality within 1 h. Dichlorvos (0.03%) was less toxic, but mortality after 24 h varied from 16.6% for B. greeni to 76.6% for E. claripennis.