Stouthamer, R. 2003 The use of unisexual wasps in biological control.. Quality Control and Production of Biological Control Agents CABI Publishing Wallingford, UK 327 pp.

Notes: Unisexual reproduction has long been seen as a clear advantage for wasps to be applied in biological control projects. The discovery that the mode of reproduction in parasitoid wasps may be manipulated from sexual to unisexual and vice versa will allow biocontrol workers to test the advantage of either mode of reproduction for biological pest control. A review is presented here of the cases of unisexual reproduction found in parasitoid wasps. Species discussed in this context include the California red scale, and Unaspis yanonensis.