Stathas, G.J., Eliopoulos, P.A., & Japoshvili, G.O. 2008 A study on the biology of the diaspidid scale Parlatoria ziziphi (Lucas) (Hemiptera: Coccoidea: Diaspididae) in Greece.. Proceedings of the XI International Symposium on Scale Insect Studies, Oeiras, Portugal, 24-27 September. ISA Press Lisbon, Portugal 322 pp.

Notes: ITechnological Educational Inst. of Kalamata, School of Agric Techn., Depart. of Crop Prod., Laboratory of Agric Entomol. & Zoology, 24 100 Antikalamos, Kalamata, Greece. (gstathas@teikql,gr); 2Plant Protection Depart., Faculty of Agriculture, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey. Abstract: The ecology of the diaspidid Parlatoria ziziphi (Lucas) infesting citrus was studied on sour oranges between January 2003 to April 2005 in Peloponnesus (southern Greece). The scale is biparental and oviparous, infesting mainly the leaves and fruits. P. ziziphi overwintered in all developmental stages and completed several overlapping generations each year. Generation time was estimated to last -62 days under controlled conditions (25°C, 65% R.H. and 16h light/ day) in the laboratory. Infestation density ranged from 0.2 to 6.8 live scales/ cm2 of upper leaf surface. The only wasp found to parasitize P. ziziphi was the aphelinid Encarsia citrina (Craw), and parasitism reached 22.3% during the second year of the study. Predation reached 34% and was attributed to the coccinellids Chilocorus bipustulatus Linnaeus and Rhyzobius lophanthae Blaisdell, and the nitidulid Cybocephalus fodori Entrbdy- Y ounga. Larvae of C. bipustulatus were found to be parasitized by the encyrtid Homalotylus jlaminius Dalman and the eulophid Tetrasticlzus coccinellae Kurdjumov, with the percentage parasitization gradually increasing from 7% in mid June to 96% towards the end of September,