Spodek, M., Ben-Dov, Y., & Mendel, Z. 2014 The scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) of oak trees (Fagaceae: Quercus spp.) in Israel. Isreal Journal of Entomology 43:95-124

Notes: Scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) of four species of oaks (Fagaceae: Quercus) in Israel namely, Q. boissieri, Q. calliprinos, Q. ithaburensis, and Q. look were collected and identified from natural forest stands during the period 2010-2013. A total of twenty-seven species were determined from nine scale insect families: Asterolecaniidae (3 species), Coccidae (3), Diaspididae (7), Eriococcidae (3), Kermesidae (6), Kuwaniidae (1), Monophlebidae (1), Pseudococcidae (2), and Putoidae (1). Six of these species represent new records for Israel and five are identified to the genus level. Kuwaniidae is a new family record for Israel. Species that were previously collected or recorded on oaks in Israel are listed and discussed. Information is given about host trees and global distribution. The majority of the species reported here are monophagous or stenophagous and they appear to be non-pestiferous to the oak trees in Israel. General traits that describe each scale insect family in the field are provided, together with an identification key to aid in the determination of slide-mounted specimens into families represented in this study.