Smetnik, A.I., Maksimova, V.I., Konstantinova, G.M., Ishchenko, R.I., & Shelukhin, V.I. 1983 [Trails with the sex pheromone of the San Jose scale [Aspidiotus perniciosus, genetic control, USA, USSR]. Zashchita rastenii. Moscow. "Kolos" (9) 38.

Notes: In 1981-82, the components of the sex pheromone of the California scale [Quadraspidiotus perniciosus (Comst.)] were tested alone and in combination in orchards in the Stavropol region of the USSR. The components were (Z)-3,7-dimethyl-2,7-octadienyl propanoate (I), 2,3-methylene-7-methyl-7-octenyl propanoate [[2-(4-methyl-3-pentenyl)cyclopropyl]methyl propanoate] (II) and (E)-3,7-dimethyl-2,7-octadienyl propanoate (III), and they were tested at a ratio of 46.7:48.5:4.8. Traps were baited with resin capsules containing the compounds at 1000, 200, 100 or 10 µg/trap. The most effective components were II and III, while the mixture of all 3 attracted the smallest number of males. It is recommended from the findings that a combination of components II and III should be used in pheromone traps, each at a rate of 100 µg/trap. More males were captured 2 m above ground level (38%) than at heights of 3 m (34%) or 4 m (28%). The greatest numbers of males were captured between 1500 and 2100 h. Numbers of males captured 100, 200, 300 and 1000 m from an orchard were 40, 12, 75 and 41% greater, respectively, than those caught in tree crowns.