Simpson, J.D., & Lambdin, P.L. 1983 Life history of the tuliptree scale, Toumeyella liriodendri (Gmelin), on yellow-poplar in Tennessee.. Tennessee Farm & Home Science. Knoxville 125: 2-5.

Notes: Biology; description of damage; parasites and predators include Aphidius sp., Metaphycus flavus, Coccophagus sp., Syntomosphyrum sp., Baccha costata, Laetilia coccidivora, Adalia bipunctata, Chilocorus stigma, Cyoneda sp., Hyperaspis signata and Tyrophagus; associated with ants Camponotus castaneus, Cremastogaster clara, Paratrechina melandri and Monomorium minimum.