Shivakumar, G., & Lakshmikantha, B.P. 2001 Biology of Orthezia insignis Browne (Ortheziidae: Homoptera) on coleus.. Pest Management and Economic Zoology 9(2): 197-200.

Notes: The biology of O. insignis was studied on coleus (Coleus bluemi [C. blumei]) under greenhouse conditions. The life cycle was completed in 30 days. The insect passed through three nymphal instars lasting 13.5, 15.5, and 14.0 days, respectively. Reproduction was parthenogenetic as only females were produced. After a brief pre-larval oviposition period of 3.6 days, the offsprings were deposited for the next 24 days, followed by a brief post-reproduction period. The fecundity in terms of the number of nymphs produced varied from 80-102 per female.