Nsiama She, H.D., Odebiyi, J.A., & Herren, H.R. 1984 The biology of Hyperaspis jucunda (Col.: Coccinellidae) an exotic predator of the cassava mealybug Phenacoccus manihoti (Hom. Pseudococcidae) in southern Nigeria.. Entomophaga 29(1): 87-93.

Notes: Hyperaspis jucunda (Muls.) has been imported into Nigeria as a possible biological control agent of Phenacoccus manihoti Matile-Ferrero, an important pest of cassava. When the predator was studied in the laboratory at about 27 deg C, the eggs hatched in an average of 51 days, the four larval instars averaged 2.5, 2.8, 3.4 and 5 days, respectively, and the pupal stage averaged 7.1 days. The lifecycle averaged 24.6 days from egg to adult and 32.8 days from egg to egg. Adults lived for about 100 days. Pairing occurred 19-24 days after emergence, and the preoviposition period averaged 6.3 days. Females laid averages of 456 eggs each over a period lasting about 93 days.