Shaaban, A.R, Hafez, A.A., & Badary, H. 2003 Survey and dynamics of natural enemies of the Mediterranean black scale, Saissetia oleae (Homoptera: Coccidae) in Egypt.. Egyptian Journal of Agricultural Research 81(1): 113-123.

Notes: Twenty-nine natural enemies (11 parasitoids and 18 predators) of the Mediterranean black scale (Saissetia oleae) were recorded in a survey conducted in Egypt during 1998-2000. The population dynamics of the five hymenopterous parasitoids, i.e. Metaphycus bartletti, M. flavus, Microterys flavus [M. nietneri], Diversinervus elegans and Scutellista cyanea [S. caerulea], were studied in a Northern Coast site during 1998-99 and 1999-2000. Metaphycus bartletti was the most effective parasitoid of Saissetia oleae on olive trees with maximum rates of parasitism of 23.0 and 24.5% during 1998-99 and 1999-2000, respectively. The population dynamics of 6 predators were studied at the same site. Two peaks were recorded annually for Chilocorus bipustulatus, Chrysoperla carnea, Coccinella undecimpunctata, Orius sp., and Scymnus syriacus. Exochomus flavipes and Orius sp. were recorded at low populations throughout the study.