Sengonca, E., & Arnold, C. 1999 Survey on the distribution of the Horse Chestnut Scale Pulvinaria regalis Canard (Hom., Coccidae) in Germany in the years 1996 to 1998.. Anzeiger für Schädlingskunde 72(6): 153-157.

Notes: In the present study, the distribution of the Horse Chestnut Scale insect Pulvinaria regalis in Germany in the years 1996 to 1998 and tendencies in the variation of infestation levels during the past three years were investigated by a survey. The investigations about tendencies in the variation of infestation levels revealed a decrease in scale numbers only in the cities where Horse Chestnut Scales have been observed first in Germany. On the other hand, almost every place located further away from these infestation sites showed a population increase of P. regalis. Constant infestation levels over the past three years could be found in only two cities. In most cases lime, maple and horse chestnut trees were the host plants of this scale insect.