Schulthess, F., Chabi-Olaye, A., & Gounou, S. 2004 Multi-trophic level interactions in a cassava-maize mixed cropping system in the humid tropics of West Africa.. Bulletin of Entomological Research 94(3): 261-272.

Notes: Multi-trophic level interactions in a mixed crop, involving cassava and maize, were studied in derived-savanna in Benin, West Africa. Two trials were planted, one during the short rainy season two months before onset of the dry season and one during the long rainy season in spring. Key pests under study on maize were the noctuid Sesamia calamistis Hampson and the pyralids Eldana saccharina Walker and Mussidia nigrivenella Ragonot, and on cassava, the exotic mealybug, Phenacoccus manihoti Matile-Ferrero and its encyrtid parasitoid Apoanagyrus lopezi De Santis. Both crops received insecticide treatments to assess the crop loss by a pest species. For cassava, cropping system had no effect on parasitism by A. lopezi.