Rodriguez, L.C., & Niemeyer, H.M. 2000 [Indirect evidence on the origin of the cochineal, Dactylopius coccus (Hemiptera: Dactylopiidae).]. Revista Chilena de Entomología 27: 85-89.

Notes: Literature data is surveyed under the light of ecological theory in order to determine the origin (North or South America) of cochineal, Dactylopius coccus. Phylogenetic analysis of the genus Dactylopius, evidence of competition between Dactylopius species, and the change of a relevant character for competition in D. coccus strengthen the hypothesis than D. coccus in North America is a colonizing species and its disjoint distribution suggests that it was transported from the Andean Area to North America by sea.