Rice, R.E., & Jones, R.A. 1982 Collections of Prospaltella perniciosi Tower (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) on San Jose scale (Homoptera: Diaspididae) pheromone traps.. Environmental Entomology 11(4): 876-880.

Notes: The aphelinid endoparasite Prospaltella perniciosi Tower was collected on sticky traps baited with synthetic pheromones and virgin females of the San Jose scale, Quadraspidiotus perniciosus (Comstock). The flight of overwintered parasites in central California correspond closely with spring flights of male scale and maturity of female scale. Subsequent flights of Prospaltella are not as closely synchronized with mature scale populations, and show a general decline through the remaineder of each season. If the parasites are using the sex pheromones produced by mature female scales in host-finding behavior, this asynchrony of summer populations could help explain the decline of parasite populations.