Rehman, S.U., Browning, H.W., Nigg, H.N., & Harrison, J.M. 2000 Increases in Florida red scale populations through pesticidal elimination of Aphytis holoxanthus Debach in Florida citrus.. Biological Control 18(2): 87-93.

Notes: The effect of carbaryl and dicofol on populations of Chrysomphalus aonidum and Aphytis holoxanthus was studied on Citrus in the field in Florida during 1995. Populations of C. aonidum increased at the end of August in plots treated with carbaryl and dicofol in comparison with populations in untreated plots. The mean density of reproductive stages increased from July to September in all treatments and declined later in the year. The carbaryl treatment had a significantly higher overall density of n3 plus gravid females, gravid females and n3 and n2 females than dicofol and untreated plots. The mean density of parasitized females of C. aonidum was greater in untreated and dicofol plots than in carbaryl plots. The carbaryl and dicofol treatments had significantly higher fruit drop than the control. It is concluded that repeated applications of carbaryl could increase population densities of C. aonidum, by eliminating A. holoxanthus.