Reggiani, A., Cornale, R., Maini, S., & Pellizzari, G. 2003 [Observations on biology and distribution of Heliococcus bohemicus Sulc (Rhynchota, Pseudococcidae) in the vineyards of Emilia-Romagna Region (Italy).]. Informatore Fitopatologia 53(6): 42-45.

Notes: [Original title: Note biologiche e distribuzione di Heliococcus bohemicus Sulc (Rhynchota Pseudococcidae) nei vigneti dell'Emilia-Romagna.)]. The distribution and biology of H. bohemicus have been investigated in the Po river valley (Emilia-Romagna region, Bologna and Modena provinces) from 1996 to 2000. The mealybug was found uniformly distributed in the vineyards together with Planococcus ficus, the most dangerous mealybug species of grape (Vitis vinifera). H. bohemicus was recorded on grape, Populus nigra and on host plants previously not recorded such as Clematis vitalba and Tussilago farfara. The data on biology were in agreement with results already reported for Veneto region: the species has two generations per year, is bisexual and ovoviviparous; overwintering is carried out by nymphs. Presently, H. bohemicus is not dangerous to grape, probably because of its particular ethological habits that constantly expose the species to environmental conditions. In some years, parasitization by natural enemies can reach 60%.