Podsiadlo, E. 2001 Sexual dimorphism in the first- and second-nymphal instars of Quadraspidiotus zonatus (Frauenfeld) (Hemiptera: Coccinea: Diaspididae).. Entomologica 33(1999): 139-140.
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Notes: [Special Issue: Proceedings of the ISSIS VIII International Symposium on Scale Insect Studies held at Wye College (U.K.), Aug. 31st - Sept. 6th, 1998.] Morphological characters separating male and female 1st- and 2nd-instar nymphs of Quadraspidiotus zonatus are discussed. In the 1st instar, male nymphs possess a campaniform sensillum on each tarsus and dorsal submedian setae on the 1st abdominal segment; these characters are absent on the female. There is also a slight difference in the body shape. In the 2nd-instar nymphs, the differences are greater. In the male nymph, the number of glandular ducts is much greater than in the female and there is a pair of setae present on the 1st abdominal segment and three pairs of ventral submedian setae on the head (absent on the female). There is also a greater difference in body shape than in the 1st-instar nymphs.
