Perez, R, MacVean, C.M., & Williams, M.L. 2005 Size variations in the genus Llaveia Signoret (Hemiptera:Margarodidae), and its value as a taxonomic character (Abstract only).. Proceedings of the X International Symposium on Scale Insect Studies, held at Plant Protection Research Institute, Adana/ Turkey, 19-23 April 2004. Adana Zirai Muscadele Arastirma Enstitusu. Adana, Turkey 408 pp.

Notes: Evidence is provided showing that body length alone is not a reliable character to separate species in the genus Llaveia. A morphometric analysis of specimens collected in 6 localities of Mexico and Guatemala, shows that body length is much more variable than could be expected from the length ranges described by Morrison (1928). A comparison of the specimens and types deposited in the Coccoidea Collection of the U. S. National Museum shows that only L. oaxacoensis Morrison (with stouter setae) can be separated from the group formed by L. mexicanorum (Cockerell), L. bouvari (Signoret) and L. axin L1ave (with slender setae). Sclerotized structures such as the antennae and legs also present a high degree of variation in size. With information currently available, it is not possible to determine most species of Llaveia material without: a) combining the axin-bouvari-mexicanorum group as a single species under the name L. axin L1ave, which has priority or b) a generic revision of Llaveia is undertaken, redescribing and reviewing relationships based on modern systematic techniques.