Park, S.-C., Wi, A.J., & Kim, H.S. 2000 Flight of Matsucoccus thunbergianae males in response to synthetic pheromone placed at various heights above ground and the wind speed.. Journal of Korean Forestry Society 89(1): 135-140.

Notes: Matsucoccus thunbergianae is a major insect pest of Pinus thunbergiana in southern Korean peninsula. To study the flight behavior of M. thunbergianae males responding to the synthetic pheromone, five sticky traps were placed on a bamboo pole at various heights, between 0.1m and 2.0m above ground. Bait impregnated with the synthetic pheromone was placed at 0.1m, 1.0m or 2.0m above ground and the number of male catches on each trap was counted. In an open area, numbers of males caught per trap were not different between heights when the bait was placed at 2m or 1m above ground; when the bait was placed at 0.1m height, male flight was aggregated near the ground. In a forest with low crown closure, trap catches on five traps on the same bamboo pole were not different from one another when the bait was placed at 2m height, but most males were flying near the bait when it was placed at 1m height. In a dense pine forest, most males were flying around the bait regardless of the bait position. In all three places, most males were caught on the trap near the ground when the bait was placed 0.1m above ground. Therefore, for monitoring the frontal zone of infestation of the scale, placing the pheromone trap near the ground was considered the most efficient. When the males perceived pheromone, they tended to fly in the air with low wind speed.