Pantoja, P.A., Follett, P.A., & Villanueva-Jiménez, V.A. 2002 Pests of papaya.. Tropical Fruit Pests and Pollinators: Biology, Economic Importance, Natural Enemies and Control. CABI Publishing Cambridge 448 pp.

Notes: Thirty-eight species (28%) from 24 genera and six families of scale insects affect papaya. Two families, Diaspididae and Coccidae, represent 66% of the scale insects reported and 19% of the total number of arthropods related to papaya. Scale pests of papaya covered in this chapter include Aonidiella aurantii, A. comperei, A. inornata, A. orientalis, Aspidiotus excisus, A. macfarlanei, Asterolecanium pustulans, Chrysomphalus dictyospermi, Coccus discrepans, C. hesperidum hesperidum, C. longulus, Drepanococcus chiton, Dysmicoccus nesophilus, Eucalymnatus tessellatus, Ferrisia virgata, Howardia biclavis, Icerya purchasi, I. seychellarum, Milviscutulus mangiferae, Morganella longispina, Nipaecoccus viridis, Paracoccus marginatus, Parasaissetia nigra, Philephedra tuberculosa, Planococcus citri, Protopulvinaria pyriformis, Pseudaonidia trilobitiformis, Pseudaulacaspis cockerelli, P. pentagona, Pseudococcus jackbeardsleyi, P. longispinus, P. viburni, Pseudoparlatoria ostreata, Saissetia oleae oleae, S. coffeae and Steatococcus samaraius. Distribution, biology, biological control, damage and monitoring and control are discussed. [Available on the internet at http://www.cabi-publishing.org/Bookshop/Readingroom/0851994342/0851994342Ch5.pdf on September 2003.]