Murdoch, W.W., Briggs, C.J., & Nisbet, R.M. 1996 Competitive displacement and biological control in parasitoids: a model.. American Naturalist 148: 807-826.

Notes: Aonidiella aurantii is controlled to varying degrees in many areas by parasitoids of Aphytis spp., such as A. lingnanensis and A. melinus; stage-structured parasitoid-host model presented to account for competitive displacement of A. lingnanensis in a short time and improvement in biological control; effects of other model paramenters examined and implications discussed for a predictive theory of biological control.