Mordkovich, Y.B., & Chernei, L.B. 1993 [Phostoxin for fumigation of planting stock]. Zashchita rastenii. Moscow No. 12, 30.

Notes: In tests with a fumigation chamber, exposure for 48 h to phostoxin [phosphine] applied at 2 g/m3 killed all active individuals of the root form of phylloxera [Viteus vitifoliae] on vine cuttings. A rate of 4 g killed 87-93% of diapausing individuals in 20 days. Exposure for 96 h to a mixture of phostoxin and CO2 applied at 3 and 120 g, resp., killed all diapausing individuals. Phosphine at 4 g was also highly effective against San Jose scale [Quadraspidiotus perniciosus] on apple cuttings (48-h exposure).