McClure, M.S. 1990g 1.4.6 Influence of environmental factors.. Armored Scale Insects, Their Biology, Natural Enemies and Control [Series title: World Crop Pests, Vol. 4A]. Elsevier Amsterdam, The Netherlands 384 pp.

Notes: Climatic effects on armored scale insects, edaphic factors, fertilizers, host quality, impact of host stress and herbivory, competition (coexistence and displacement processes) and the effects of habitat perturbation are discussed. Scale species discussed include Aonidiella aurantii, Aspidiotus destructor, A. nerii, Carulaspis minima, Chrysomphalus aonidum, Coccus hesperidum, Fiorinia externa, Lepidosaphes beckii, L. newsteadi, Melanaspis glomerata, Nuculalspis californica, N. (Tsugaspidiotus) tsugae, Parlatoria cinerea, P. oleae and P. pergandii.