McClure, M.S. 1990f 1.4.5 Seasonal history.. Armored Scale Insects, Their Biology, Natural Enemies and Control [Series title: World Crop Pests, Vol. 4A]. Elsevier Amsterdam, The Netherlands 384 pp.

Notes: A case is made to promote the study of a thorough understanding of the impact of local environmental conditions on the development, generation time and seasonal history of armored scale insect populations in order to predict accurately the activity patterns of diaspidids in the field. Aonidiella aurantii, Aspidiotus nerii, Fiorinia externa, Lepidosaphes beckii, L. ulmi, Parlatoria oleae, Pseudaulacaspis pentagona and Quadraspidiotus perniciosus are mentioned.