Marín Loayza, R., & Cisneros Vera, F.H. 1983 Factores que deben considerarse en la producción de la "cochinilla del carmín" Dactylopius coccus (Costa) en ambientes mejor. [Factors to consider in the production of "carmine cochineal" Dactylopius coccus (Costa) for environmental improvement.]. Revista Peruana de Entomología 26(1): 81-83.

Notes: Some environmental factors influencing the development of cochineal insect colonies on prickly-pear plants (Opuntia spp.) were studied. Colonies developed more frequently on somewhat shaded surfaces of the prickly-pear rather than in sunny surfaces. Strong winds and rains had adverse effects. 90% of the colonies were located on one year poddle. Excessive levels of infestation impaired the production of new prickly-pear shoots. The syrphid fly Allograpta sp. was the only natural enemy found.