Manz, D., Oten, K.L.F., Sorenson, C.E., Whitehill, J.G.A., & Jetton, R.M. 2025 Evaluating the post-harvest survival and emergence of elongate hemlock scale from Fraser fir Christmas trees. Journal of Economic Entomology XX(XX): 1-10
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Notes: This study demonstrated that not only do elongate hemlock scale adult females survive, but crawlers can also continue to emerge from cut Fraser fir Christmas trees and branches for an extended period post-harvest. This confirms there is risk of introducing this scale insect to new areas via the shipment of trees and branches from harvest until disposal. https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/toaf161
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