Maltby, H.L., Jimenez-Jimenez, E., & DeBach, P. 1968 Biological control of armored scale insects in Mexico.. Journal of Economic Entomology 61: 1086-1088.

Notes: In the past quarter century outstanding successes in control of insect pests by introduced entomophagous parasites have been achieved in Mexico. Previous to the accidental introduction of the citrus blackfly, Aleurocanthus woglumi Ashby, first reported in Mexico in 1935, and subsequent to the outstanding biological control of this species, the most serious pests of citrus in Mexico have been the Florida red scale, Chrysomphalus aonidum (L.), and the purple scale, Lepidosaphes beckii (Newman). Other armored scales that occur on citrus in Mexico are relatively unimportant economically. The chaff scale, Parlatoria pergandii Comstock; the dictyospermum scale, Chrysomphalus dictyospermi (Morgan), and other scale species would be economic pests in Mexico in the absence of control by domestic enemies. Native parasites and predators have not provided adequate control of the Florida red or the purple scale in Mexico. Since 1954 a series of introductions of exotic parasite species from cultures maintained at the University of California, Riverside, have been made in Mexico. Aphytis lepidosaphes Compere, was introduced in 1954 and A. holoxanthus DeBach in 1960. Both of these species readily became established. Parasitized material from original colonizations has been used to establish colonies in citrus-producing regions throughout the Republic. The purple scale and the Florida red scale have been controlled effectively by A. lepidosaphes and A. holoxanthus, respectively, in all regions in Mexico where liberations have been made. Aonidiella aurantii is also discussed.