Mague, D.L., & Reissig, W.H. 1983 Airborne dispersal of San Jose scale, Quadraspidiotus perniciosus (Comstock) (Homoptera: Diaspididae), crawlers infesting apple.. Environmental Entomology 12: 692-696.

Notes: Aerial dispersal of Q. perniciosus crawlers within apple tree canopy and between trees was positively correlated with seasonal abundance of crawlers on bark.