Ma, L., Li, C.D., Liu, J.Q., Sun, Y., Wang, X.O., & Ji, Y.J. 1997a The life course of Chilocorus kuwanae Silvestri.. Journal of Northeast Forestry University 25: 59-61.

Notes: Chilocorus kuwanae is a key natural enemy for Quadraspidiotus gigas (Diaspidiotus gigas) in the forest region of Northeast China. The life cycle and death cause of C. kuwanae were observed and analysed. The life-span of overwintering adults was 72 days. The larval period of ladybirds at 19.59-22.62 deg C lasted 21 days. Parasitism by Homalotylus flaminius on the larvae of ladybirds was the main mortality factor.