Luck, R.F., & Dahlsten, D.L. 1974 Bionomics of the pine needle scale, Chionaspis pinifoliae, and its natural enemies at South Lake Tahoe, Calif.. Annals of the Entomological Society of America 67: 309-316.

Notes: Life history; two sympatric populations studied, one unisexual, other bisexual; lists three parasites and two predators.