Longo, S. 1985a Distribution and density of scale-insects (Homoptera, Coccoidea) on olive trees in Eastern Sicily.. Integrated pest control in olive-groves: Proceedings of the CEC/FAO/IOBC International Joint Meeting, Pisa, 3-6 April 1984. Published for the Commission of the European Communities by A.A. Balkema Rotterdam, Netherlands 512 pp.

Notes: A survey of coccids infesting olive-groves was made in Eastern Sicily during the period 1977-1984. The most widely distributed species were: Pollinia pollinii, Saissetia oleae, Lichtensia viburni, Parlatoria oleae, Leucaspis riccae, Mytilococcus (Lepidosaphes) ulmi and Dynaspidiotus britannicus. Other species collected in more restricted areas were: Pseudococcus longispinus, Filippia follicularis, Mytilococcus (Mytilaspis) destefanii, Aspidiotus nerii, Quadraspidiotus lenticularis and Hemiberlesia rapax. On the basis of the infestation-rate, the most important species were; P. pollinii, S. leae, P. oleae and M. ulmi. Biological and ethological remarks are made on the most important scales, with particular emphasis on M. ulmi. The oystershell scale was found to cause strong, frequent attacks on olive branches, leaves and fruits. From observations made in some areas near Catania, this insect was seen to have three generations a year.