Li, S.W., Li, J.H., Ren, L., Zhao, G.J., Li, C.Q., & Wang, J.W. 2001 [Infestation Neomargarodes niger on groundnut and its control.]. Plant Protection 27(2): 18-19.

Notes: Neomargarodes niger infested groundnut heavily in sandy soil fields in Henan, China in recent years, causing 10-30% yield loss, with the highest yield loss > 50%. The scale produces 1 generation annually in eastern Henan and overwinters in larval form in soils. Its adults emerge, mate and lay eggs in mid-late May. The egg-hatching peak is in late June. Its 2nd instar larvae have an infestation peak in early-mid July. Dry, sandy and porous soils, abundant rain fall and successive cropping were favorable conditions for the infestation. For integrated management of the scale, rotation cropping, intercultivation, weed control and timely irrigation were suggested for eradicating eggs and larvae. For scale control with chemicals, 15% aldicarb granules at 7-8 kg/ha by broadcasting, 3% carbofuran granules at 35-45 kg/ha and phorate granules at 20-30 kg/ha incorporated into sandy soils at sowing of groundnut gave a control of > 85%. 50% phoxim at 3.75-4.5 kg/ha by broadcasting, 3% isofenphos-methyl at 37.5-45 kg/ha incorporated with sandy soils by applying to basal parts of groundnut plants and 50% phoxim at 1500-2000 times and isofenphos-methyl at 1500-2000 times by spraying in late May to early June gave a control effect of > 90%.