Krishnamoorthy, A., & Rajagopal, D. 1995 Comparative toxicity of pesticides to natural enemies of California red scale, Aonidiella aurantii Maskell).. Pest Management in Horticultural Ecosystems 1: 71-79.

Notes: Several pesticides commonly used on citrus and rose were screened for their toxicity to four important natural enemies of Aonidiella aurantii, namely Aphytis melinus, Chilocorus nigrita, Pharoscymnus horni and Eryngiopus sp.; natural enemies were exposed to pesticide-treated leaf surface on the day of application and subsequently at 7-day intervals to determine the immediate and residual toxicities; the botanical insecticides, neem oil, pongamia oil and mahua oil, the acaricides dicofol and sulfur and fungicides copper oxychloride and maneb were safer to A. melinus, C. nigrita and P. horni, while the acaricides were toxic to the predatory mite Eryngiopus sp.; among 11 insecticides tested, only chlorpyrifos and dichlorvos were found to be comparatively less toxic.