Kozár, F., Jasnosh, V.A., & Konstantinova, G.M. 1982 Comparative evaluation of the distribution of scale-insects (Hom. Coccoidea) and their parasites in Georgia (USSR) and in Turkey. Survey of scale insect (Homoptera Coccoidea) infestations in European orchards, No. VI.. Zeitschrift für Angewandte Entomologie 93(4): 333-338.

Notes: As part of a survey of scale-insect infestations in European orchards, the distribution of Coccoidea and their parasites in Georgia, USSR, and Turkey was studied in 1976. Quadraspidiotus perniciosus (Comst.), Epidiaspis leperii (Sign.) and Lopholeucaspis japonica Ckll. were the main scale-insect species on deciduous fruit trees in Georgia. Parlatoria theae (Ckll.) was a new pest of apple, having previously been observed only in small numbers. Of samples of Q. perniciosus collected from established infestation sites in Georgia, 87.9% were parasitised, as compared with 34.5% of those from the new distribution area of the pest in Turkey. The parasites Aphytis mytilaspidis (LeB.), A. maculicornis (Masi) and Encarsia perniciosi (Tower) (Prospaltella perniciosi) were found in both areas, while A. proclia (Wlk.) and Aspidiotiphagus citrinus (Craw) were found in Georgia only, and E. berlesei (How.) (P. berlesei), Archenomus sp., Coccophagus sp. and Discodes coccophagus (Ratz.) in Turkey only. L. japonica and Ceroplastes japonicus Green were only slightly attacked by parasites in Georgia. The possibility of introducing a Turkish population of Aphytis maculicornis into the USSR for the biological control of Parlatoria oleae (Colvee), and Coccophagus palaeolecanii into Turkey for the control of Palaeolecanium bituberculatum (Targioni-Tozzetti) is noted.