Konar, A., & Ghosh, M.R. 1994 Incidence pattern of scale insects on orange, Citrus reticulate Blanco in different orchards of Darjeeling district, West Bengal.. Annals of Entomology 12: 9-14.

Notes: The incidence of scale insects infesting mandarin oranges in the Darjeeling district of West Bengal was studied during 1984-86 to determine the intensity of infestation. Of eight species of scale insects, Ceroplastes floridensis, C. rubens and Vinsonia stellifera (C. stellifera) occurred intermittently and their populations were also small; C. stellifera was absent in Sakyong. These species were usually found during warmer seasons of the year, being absent from December to March. Relatively high populations were noted during autumn. However, C. rubens occurred during winter at Bara Mangawa. Aonidiella aurantii, Coccus hesperidum, Mytilococcus beckii (Lepidosaphes beckii), L. gloverii and Saissetia coffeae occurred persistently at Bhalukhop, and at Ecchey, with the exception of C. hesperidum and L. gloverii. A. aurantii usually occurred in large numbers in early winter (November-December) which gradually decreased from mid-winter (January) to reach low populations during the rainy season (July) in all orchards except Bara Mangawa. The mean population of L. gloverii was highest at Bhalukhop and Sakyong. Populations of S. coffeae were high in all four orchards from June to September, due to the mild climate.