Khajuria, D.R., & Sharma, H.K. 1997 Use of miscible oil and insecticidal combinations in management of San Jose scale (Quadraspidiotus perniciosus) on apple (Malus domestica).. Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 67: 488-489.

Notes: In a field experiment in 1992/93 at Bajaura, Himachal Pradesh, India, 15- to 20-year-old Royal Delicious apple (M. domestica (M. pumila) trees with 30-50% scale (Quadraspidiotus perniciosus) infestation on twigs were treated with 2% miscible oil before flowering (1.3 cm green-tip stage), followed by an insecticide application after flowering (peak crawler emergence in summer). Significantly lower scale infestation was observed before harvest in all treatments compared with the control treatment. The best treatment for controlling San Jose scale was 2% miscible oil followed by a spray of 0.4% chlorpyrifos in May (average population of 0.4 scales/twig and 0.7 scales/fruit). The next most effective treatments were 2% miscible oil followed by either 0.06% methomyl or 0.2% chlorpyrifos. It is concluded that miscible oil followed by a spray of chlorpyrifos in the first week of May is necessary for adequate protection of fruits from San Jose scale infestation in the lower Kullu valley.