Katsoyannos, P.I., & Argyriou, L.C. 1985 The phenology of the San Jose scale Quadraspidiotus perniciosus (Hom.: Diaspididae) and its association with its natural enemies on almond trees in norhtern Greece.. Entomophaga 30(1): 3-11.

Notes: The phenology of the San Jose scale was studied in a heavily-infested almond orchard in northern Greece. It appears that the scales complete three generations per year. The majority of the population hibernates as first instar larvae. A series of releases were made using the introduced Hymenoptera parasite Prospaltella perniciosi. Sampling results showed a very high mortality of the San Jose scale. Apart from the percentage due to climatic factors, the remainder is a result of the action of natural enemies. A considerable part of this action is attributable to the local entomophagous insects and especially the predators of which Cybocephalus fodori appears to be the key species. The rest is attributable to the action of the released populations of P. perniciosi.