Jahn, G., & Beardsley Jr., J.W. 1991 The role of the big-headed ant in the pineapple agroecosystem.. Towards the Pacific Century: the Challenge of Change. XVII Pacific Science Congress. 27 May to 2 June, 1991, Sheraton Waikiki Hotel, Honolulu, Hawaii.

Notes: [abstract only] Pineapple wilt disease in Hawaii is transmitted primarily by the gray pineapple mealybug, Dysmicoccus neobrevipes, an insect of tropical American origin. In Hawaiian pineapple fields this species has a symbiotic relationship with big-headed ants, Pheidole megacephala, of African origin.