Huang, L.C., Zhang, M.L., Song, X.M., Zhao, L., & Yang, Y. 2005 [The occurrence regulation of Pseudococcus comstocki in apple orchard.]. China Fruits 4: 32-34.

Notes: Observations were conducted in an apple orchard with 15-year-old trees of Red Fuji cultivar, where all the fruit on the trees was bagged. The annual production usually was around 45 t/ha. In this orchard over 50% of the bagged fruit were usually infected with Pseudococcus comstocki. Observations revealed that its eggs were laid in trunk bark gaps (62% located near the root collar). The hibernated eggs incubated in late March till late April, then the nymphs attacked the tender tissue of the tree. The nymphs of the second generation started to enter the bags and attack the fruit. On rainy days, damage was exacerbated. Pseudococcus comstocki usually attacks the calyx part of the fruit and induces the formation of black spot, thus the fruit quality is severely damaged.