Huang, J.S., Ke, Y.Z., Tang, Q.L., Zhong, J.H., & Ye, J.X. 2004 [Study on operations to control damage caused by the pine scale in an urban park.]. Chinese Forestry Science and Technology 3(4): 96-100.

Notes: A study of the change in pine scale (Hemiberlesia pitysophila) population density on pine (Pinus massoniana) forest in a Chinese urban park (Qingyuan, Liaoning) with and without mechanical control. Results showed that the population density declined to 0.63 head per bundle from 2.61 heads per bundle when crown density of pine in the urban park was >=0.5 due to some cultivation activities, such as felling, pruning and thinning, the decrease reached up to 75.86%. The pinewoods can be revived using these cultivation activities, thus mechanical control is the main technique of controlling the damage caused by pine scale. At the same time, population density of pine scale on pinewoods on sunny slopes was higher than that on shady slopes. It has been suggested that tree species must be carefully chosen during planning and design of urban park to prevent the incidence of pine scale.