Howard, F.W., & Weissling, T.J. 2000 Questions and answers about the cycad Aulacaspis scale insect.. Proceedings of the 112th Annual Meeting of the Florida State Horticultural Society No. 112: 243-245.

Notes: [Conference held in Stuart, Florida, USA, 31 October - 2 November, 1999.] In 1996, Aulacaspis yasumatsui, a scale insect previously unknown in Florida, USA, was detected on a number of cycads. Tests at Fairchild Tropical Gardens in Florida show all 20 cycad species in their collection are susceptible to this scale and it will infest all parts of the plant including the roots. The scale has spread throughout Florida south of Lake Okeechobee. Two natural enemies of the scale from Thailand, a predaceous beetle (Cybocephalus binotatus) and a parasitic wasp (Coccobius fulvus), were introduced in 1997 and 1998. They have been detected throughout the area where A. yasumatsui has become established. Tests have shown that fish oils can be used to provide partial control of the scale and allow the parasitic wasp to become established.