Hou, Z.D., Sun, Y.F, Zhang, Y., He, Z.X, Feng, Z.G., Wang, M.Q., Zhang, Q.C., & Wang, X.F. 1986 [A study on the biology and control of Neomargarodes niger Green.]. Plant Protection 12(1): 2-4.
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Notes: The margarodid Neomargarodes niger was recorded on groundnut in east Henan, China, and caused about 30% damage and 13% yield loss to groundnut plants, in 1982-84. The nymphs fed on the roots resulting in yellowing, wilting and, eventually, death of plants. There was one generation a year and the adult lifespan was 11-23 days. The adults emerged in May and there was an average oviposition period of 33 days, with 153-526 eggs laid per female. The peak period of damage was in July. In September, when the groundnuts were harvested, the overwintering stage dropped into the soil and did not emerge until the 3rd year. The nymphs penetrated the roots with their stylets in order to feed and soyabeans were attacked in addition to groundnuts. After the 2nd instar the nymphs entered the cyst stage, female and male cysts were 3-6 mm and 1.6-2.5 mm in diameter, respectively. The population dynamics were affected by the cultural system, temperature and precipitation. Control measures included crop rotation, such as wheat-groundnut or watermelon-groundnut, weed control and application of DDVP [dichlorvos], methylisofenphos [of unstated composition], 3911 [of unstated composition], chlorpyrifos, Furadan [carbofuran] or Sumicidin [fenvalerate], in late June to early July. (Misidentification of N. gossypii. Discovered by Wu, 2007)
