Hoffmann, C., & Schmutterer, H. 1999 [The European peach scale Parthenolecanium persicae - a new pest of grapevine in southwestern Germany.]. Anzeiger für Schädlingskunde 72(2): 52-54.

Notes: In 1998, a survey of scale insects infesting grapevine (Vitis vinifera) in southwestern Germany yielded four species, namely Heliococcus bohemicus, Parthenolecanium corni, P. persicae and Pulvinaria vitis. P. persicae is recorded for the first time in Germany. The last surveys on scale insects in southwestern Germany were conducted by WUNN (1925, 1926) but at this time P. persicae was not discovered yet in this region. Most probably the thermophilus species immigrated from Switzerland and spread northwards into the Rhine valley during the last two or three decades of years. P. persicae is attacked by four species of parasitoids and a hyperparasitoid. The most common species is the encyrtid Blastothrix hungarica.