Hendricks, L.C., & Bentley, W. 2002 The responses of Peach Twig Borer (Anarsia lineatella), San Jose Scale (Quadraspidiotus perniciosus) and the scale parasitoid Encarsia perniciosi to dormant sprays in almond.. Acta Horticulturae 591: 565-568.

Notes: [Proceedings of the 3rd International Symposium on Pistachios and Almonds, 12th Colloquium of GREMPA, Zaragoza, Spain, 20-24 May, 2001. Publisher: International Society for Horticultural Science (ISHS)] Many almond growers in California, USA have eliminated the dormant spray applications in recent years. This experiment was conducted in 1998-2000 to determine whether the Peach Twig Borer (PTB) (A. lineatella), and San Jose Scale (SJS) (Q. perniciosus [Diaspidiotus perniciosus]) would become economic problems if dormant sprays were not applied, and how sprays might affect the scale parasitoid E. perniciosi. Mature almonds were sprayed in late January of 1998, 1999 and 2000 with several dormant insecticide combinations. For peach twig borer, no dormant treatments have demonstrated a clear benefit in controlling PTB in this orchard. Insecticide treatments have resulted in a slight reduction in male San Jose scale counts in pheromone traps. Encarsia perniciosi will often give economic control of San Jose scale if in-season sprays do not interfere with this parasitoid.