Hanks, L.M., & Denno, R.F. 1993 Natural enemies and plant water relations influence the distribution of an armored scale insect.. Ecology 74(4): 1081-1091.

Notes: Abstract: In urban settings, the armored scale insect, Pseudaulacaspis pentagona infests mulberry trees in disturbed landscape habitats (roadsides, parking lots) but not trees in forested habitats (woodlots). Populations of P. pentagona are contagiously distributed among mulberry trees in landscape habitats; the interaction of two factors investigated: natural enemies and plant water potential, and how they affect the spatial distribution and abundance on this scale species. Keywords: biological control.