Habibian, A. 1980 Biology and control of San Jose scale in Guilan Province (Quadraspidiotus perniciosus (Comstock)).. Entomologie et Phytopathologie Appliquées 48(2): 127-134.

Notes: Observations in Guilan Province of Iran in 1970-73 showed that Quadraspidiotus perniciosus (Comst.) had four generations a year in the region and overwintered as second-instar nymphs. In control tests during this period, sprays of 40% methidathion (Supracide), 20% azinphos-methyl (Gusathion), 47% ethion and 20% phosphamidon (Dimecron) were applied; the first 2 compounds appeared to be the most effective (80-92% mortality), but the results given by all these organophosphates were improved by the addition of oil.