Gupta, A., Sampathkumar, M., Mohan, M., Shylesha, A.N., Venkatesan, T., Shashank, P.R., Dhanyakumar, O., Ramkumar, P., Sakthivel, N., & Geetha, B. 2021 Assessing adverse impact of the native biological control disruptors in the colonies of the recent invasive pest Phenacoccus manihoti Matile-Ferrero (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) in India. Global Ecology and Conservation 32: e01878
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Notes: The analysis of trophic guild structure and interaction indicated that many indigenous parasitoid species, which qualified to be placed under the fourth trophic level, actively parasitized the potential native predators of cassava mealybug (CMB) and thereby negatively impacted the natural biological control of cassava mealybug. In the absence of any indigenous parasitoids and high level of parasitization of the potential CMB predators, the long-term and indirect ecosystem risks will be significant until the introduction and establishment of the proven classical biological control agent, Anagyrus lopezi (De Santis) (Encyrtidae: Hymenoptera) from other countries.
