Gullan, P.J., & Cockburn, A. 1986 Sexual dichronism and intersexual phoresy in gall-forming coccoids.. Oecologia 68: 632-634.

Notes: Coccoid gall-formers from the genus Cystococcus exhibit sexual dichronism, producing the males of a brood well before their sisters; this ensures the coexistence in the maternal gall of winged adult males and their first instar wingless sisters; females disperse by clinging to the attenuate abdomens of their brothers, and the efficiency of this dispersal is reflected in an even dispersion on host trees; evolution of this form of phoresy may be associated with the paternal genome loss prevalent in the Coccoidea.