Guario, A., Baldacchino, F., & Merlino, S. 1996 La cocciniglia nera della vite Targionia vitis (Sign.). [Black scale insect of grapes Targionia vitis (Sign.).].. Informatore Agrario 52: 21, 51-54.

Notes: Field studies were carried out in vineyards in Barletta, Apulia, Italy, in 1993-94 to determine the best time to carry out chemical control and to evaluate the efficacy of some less toxic insecticides against the diaspidid Targionia vitis. Winter treatments with 50% DNOC at 800 g a.i./hl, if preceded by removal of the bark and brushing, were effective but because of their high cost were restricted to cases of infestation that affected limited areas of the vineyard. Generally chemical control of T. vitis was carried out in the spring period only, with the best time for control during the dispersal of nymphs, which varied between years depending on the environmental conditions. Treatments with white mineral oil at 90% mixed with 22% chlorpyrifos-methyl (at 1000 + 200 g a.i./hl) gave the best level of control, while 22% chlorpyrifos-methyl alone at 200 g a.i. and 25% buprofezin at 200 g a.i./hl both showed moderate efficacy.