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Notes: Scale species discussed include Aonidiella aurantii, Aspidiotus destructor, Carulaspis minima, Cornuaspis beckii, Icerya purchasi, Melanaspis glomerata, Phenacoccus manihoti, Planococcoides njalensis, Planococcus citri, Pseudaulacaspis pentagona, Quadraspidiotus perniciosus and Saissetia oleae.