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Notes: This section considers the confusion and misleading inferences about an organism if it is not properly classified. The example is given of the confusion of Aonidiella aurantii and A. citrina which at one time led to many introductions of unsuitable parasites. The incorrect identification of the coffee mealybug, Phenacoccus kenyae, led to fruitless efforts to achieve biological control from importing ineffectual parasites of two Asiatic Planococcus, whereas effective parasites of P. kenyae were already available and known. The problem of Parlatoria pergandii in Texas is also discussed.